RESUMEN El desarrollo de la educación inclusiva constituye un proceso muy exigente, pues requiere de muchos recursos y, sobre todo, de la participación de la planta docente. El presente estudio se propuso como objetivos identificar las prácticas inclusivas de los maestros y valorar la utilidad de distintos instrumentos que las evalúan de manera directa o indirecta. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte cuantitativo entre 2020 y 2021 en cinco escuelas semiurbanas (cuatro primarias y una secundaria) del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, donde participaron 29 docentes. Se evaluaron las prácticas inclusivas de maestros que cuentan con el apoyo de servicios de educación especial con cinco instrumentos (cuatro de autorreporte y uno de observación). Se encontró que los instrumentos proporcionan información útil y complementaria entre sí. El profesorado obtuvo, en general, altos puntajes en sus prácticas inclusivas, aunque se evidenció que requiere apoyo para manejar apropiadamente las conductas disruptivas de su alumnado. En conclusión, los instrumentos utilizados permitieron identificar las fortalezas y áreas de oportunidad para continuar avanzando en la implementación de la educación inclusiva.

ABSTRACT In this study it is considered that the implementation of inclusive education is a very demanding process, as it requires many resources and mainly the participation of teachers. This work sought to identify the inclusive practices of teachers while assessing the usefulness of different instruments that evaluate them directly or indirectly. We worked in five semi-urban schools (four elementary and one middle school) in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. A quantitative descriptive study was carried out during the years 2020-2021 in five semi-urban schools (four primary and one secondary) in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Participants included 29 teachers. The inclusive practices of teachers in regular schools that have the support of special education services were evaluated with five instruments, four self-report and one observational. In general, the instruments used do provide complementary and useful information. Teachers showed good inclusive practices, although they require support to manage their students’ disruptive behaviors more adequately. In conclusion, having instruments to evaluate inclusive practices makes possible to identify strengths and areas of opportunity to continue advancing in the implementation of inclusive education.

Summary Background and aims : The taxonomic location of the Potentilleae tribe species in Argentina was highly controversial and intensely debated by various authors, in such a way that some merged genera, while others recognized them as valid taxonomic entities. These conflicts show the need for an updated taxonomic treatment. The objective of this work is to present an updated taxonomic synopsis of the Potentilleae in Argentina. M&M: Taxonomic data from the literature were collected, including phylogenetic studies, and specimens of the Potentilleae tribe of Argentine and foreign herbaria were analyzed; in addition to material collected in the field. Results and Conclusions : In Argentina, 3 genera with 5 species and 2 forms were recognized for the Potentilleae tribe, differing in a dichotomous key by vegetative, floral and carpological characters. The name of the authors of a species was legitimized and a form was lectotypified. The distribution of one species was broadened and the presence of another was rectified. The Potentilleae inhabit trails, pastures, herbaceous stratum of the Yungas, in open spaces and at elevations from 600-2600 meters above sea level. They grow in riparian environments and in abandoned crops.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos : La ubicación taxonómica de las especies de la tribu Potentilleae en Argentina fue muy controvertida e intensamente debatida por varios autores, de tal manera que algunos fusionaron géneros, mientras que otros los reconocieron como entidades taxonómicas válidas. Estos conflictos muestran la necesidad de realizar un tratamiento taxonómico actualizado. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una sinopsis taxonómica actualizada de las Potentilleae en Argentina. M&M : Se recopilaron datos taxonómicos de la literatura, incluidos estudios filogenéticos, y se analizaron especímenes de la tribu Potentilleae de herbarios argentinos y extranjeros; además de material colectado a campo. Resultados y Conclusiones : En Argentina, se reconocieron 3 géneros con 5 especies y 2 formas para la tribu Potentilleae, diferenciándose en una clave dicotómica por caracteres vegetativos, florales y carpológicos. Se legitimó el nombre de los autores de una especie y se lectotipificó una forma. Se amplió la distribución de una especie y se ratificó la presencia de otra. Las Potentilleae habitan en senderos, pastizales, estrato herbáceo de las Yungas, en ambientes descampados y en elevaciones desde los 600-2600 msnm. Crecen en ambientes ribereños y en cultivos abandonados.

Abstract Radical feminism is a current within the feminist movement that maintains that the root of social inequality is patriarchy, defined as the system of oppression of men over women, emphasizing oppressive relationships between the sexes; this feminist movement is currently very diversified and is highly complex, meaning much more than the emancipation of women, being in favor of sexual liberation and the abolition of patriarchy; therefore, it is established as an objective of the work to determine the effects of radical feminism in society through the general method of Problem Solving and the Ishikawa Diagram to group the main factors that give rise to it.

Resumen El feminismo radical es una corriente dentro del movimiento feminista que sostiene que la raíz de la desigualdad social es el patriarcado, definido como el sistema de opresión del hombre sobre la mujer, haciendo hincapié en las relaciones de opresión entre los sexos; este movimiento feminista está muy diversificado en la actualidad y es de gran complejidad, significando mucho más que la emancipación de la mujer, estando a favor de la liberación sexual y la abolición del patriarcado; por lo que se establece como objetivo del trabajo determinar los efectos del feminismo radical en la sociedad mediante el método General de Solución de Problemas y el Diagrama de Ishikawa para agrupar los principales factores que le dan origen.

ABSTRACT Objectives To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers from three population areas in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, and to analyze the association between these symptoms and the emotional health of their children. Methods Assessment was conducted on 173 mother–child pairs from three different population areas: urban, rural, and indigenous rural. Women's symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated, together with their children's behavioral problems. Results A high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety was found in the three areas included. The proportion of depressive symptoms was highest in the urban and rural areas (38.7% and 38.6%, respectively). The highest prevalence of anxiety symptoms was observed in the rural area (31.8%). The strongest association between maternal anxiety and maternal depression was found in the rural area (odds ratio [OR] = 11.0; 95% CI: 1.3-95.5). The indigenous rural area showed the highest prevalence of behavioral problems among children (61%). An association between such problems and maternal anxiety (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3) and maternal depression (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.6) was noted. Conclusions The mental health of mothers can put the social and emotional well-being of their children at risk. This conclusion is supported by the findings, namely high prevalences and an association between symptoms of anxiety and depression and behavioral problems. In Mexico, reliable information on the mental health status of women and children in the three population areas studied is needed in order to implement measures towards expanding coverage for evaluation and prevention.

RESUMEN Objetivos Estimar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad (SDyA) en madres de tres zonas poblacionales (ZP) del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, y analizar la asociación entre los SDyA y sus efectos en la salud emocional de sus hijos. Métodos Se evaluaron 173 parejas (madre-hijo) de tres ZP: Zona urbana (ZU), rural (ZR) y rural indígena (ZRI). Se estudiaron los SDyA de las mujeres, y las dificultades conductuales (DC) de los niños. Resultados Se encontró una alta prevalencia de SDyA en las tres ZP. La mayor proporción de síntomas depresivos la presentaron la ZU y la ZR (38,7 y 38,6%). La prevalencia más alta de síntomas de ansiedad se observó en la ZR (31,8%). La asociación entre los SDyA y la depresión materna más fuerte se estimó en la ZR (razón de momios o RM = 11,0; IC95%: 1,3-95,5). En la ZRI se estimó la mayor prevalencia de DC en los niños (61%). Se encontró una asociación entre las DC y la ansiedad materna (RM = 2,2; IC95%: 1,1-4,3) y la depresión materna (RM = 2,5; IC95%: 1,3-4,6). Conclusiones La salud mental de las madres puede poner en riesgo el bienestar socioemocional de sus hijos, lo que viene respaldado por la alta prevalencia y la asociación entre SDyA y DC encontrada. En México se necesita disponer de información fiable sobre el estado de salud mental de las mujeres y los niños de las tres ZP, para implantar medidas que amplíen su cobertura evaluativa y preventiva.

A new subspecies from Jujuy (Argentina), Deuterocohnia meziana subsp. vallegrandensis is described and illustrated, and a map with its geographical distribution is presented. This subspecies is clearly distinguished by its brown purple sepals, petals of the same colour or reddish with greenish apex. This record represents the first report of the species for the Argentinean Flora. A key for Deuterocohnia from Argentina, together with a comparative table with the characters that distinguish the five subspecies of D. meziana is included. A lectotype is designated for Deuterocohnia meziana.

Se describe e ilustra una nueva subespecie de Jujuy (Argentina), Deuterocohnia meziana subsp. vallegrandensis, y se presenta un mapa con su distribución geográfica. La misma se distingue claramente del resto de las subespecies por sus sépalos castaño purpúreos y pétalos del mismo color o rojizos con ápice verdoso. Se cita por primera vez esta especie para la Flora Argentina. Se incluye una clave para Deuterocohnia en Argentina y una tabla con los caracteres que distinguen las cinco subespecies de D. meziana. Se designa un lectotipo para Deuterocohnia meziana.

The spatial and temporal variability observed during the last 25 years at Punta Rasa sandspit is studied in this work. Five images Lansat TM (30 m spatial resolution) corresponding to the years 1987, 1994, 2001, 2007 and 2011 were selected in this study. Each one covers an area of 185 km x 172 km but, for this analysis, a smaller area from latitude 36°19´40" to 36°17´08" S and from longitude 56°44´10" to 56°47´25" S was selected. A remarkable retrogression of the sandspit and a gradual widening of the sector located adjacently southward the sandspit was observed by comparison of the selected images. The hypothesis discussed in this work is that such variability would be associated to a change in the wind wave climate which arose a slight change in the long shore wave energy flux and in sand transport. Finally, it is highlighted that the mean sea level rise and the increasing in frequencies and intensities of storm surges in the Río de la Plata could play an important role in the observed erosion.

En este trabajo se estudia la evolución espacio-temporal de la espiga arenosa de Punta Rasa-Punta Médanos durante los últimos 25 años. Se seleccionaron cinco imágenes Lansat TM con resolución espacial de 30 m, correspondientes a los años 1987, 1994, 2001, 2007 y 2011. Cada imagen cubre un área de aproximadamente 185 km x 172 km pero para este trabajo se recortó un área menor comprendida entre las latitudes 36°19´40" y 36°17´08" S y las longitudes 56°44´10" y 56°47´25" S. De la comparación de las imágenes satelitales seleccionadas se pudo observar la decapitación de la espiga arenosa acompañada del progresivo ensanchamiento del sector ubicado adyacentemente al S del extremo distal de la misma. La hipótesis que se discute en este trabajo es que dicha variabilidad estaría asociada a una alteración local del clima de olas el cual trajo aparejado un leve cambio del flujo de energía de olas y del transporte de arena paralelos a la costa. Finalmente, se destaca que el ascenso del nivel medio del mar y el aumento en la frecuencia e intensidad de la onda de tormenta en el Río de la Plata podrían contribuir al aumento de erosión observado.

Eighteen species are described and illustrated, two of them for the first time: P. novarae Varadarajan ex Gómez Romero & A. Grau and P. vervoorstii Gómez Romero & Grau. Two keys for identifying the species are presented, one of them based entirely on vegetative characters.

Se describen e ilustran 18 especies, dos de las cuales son nuevas para la ciencia: P. novarae Varadarajan ex Gómez Romero & A. Grau, P. vervoorstii Gómez Romero & A. Grau. Se incluyen dos claves para identificar las especies, una de ellas con caracteres exclusivamente vegetativos

It was carried out a traverse and descriptive study of 87 patients discharged with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis of the Intensive Cares Unit of the Hospital Docente Pediátrico del Cerro during the period between January 1º 1992 and December 31 the 2004. The patients are described according to variables of individual characterization and of the affection and also it is identified the relationship between some of this variables and the mortality. It was determined that the illness was more frequent in the group 1-4 year-old and in the masculine sex. The most common germ was Haemophilus influenzae. The inferior age to 3 months, the neumoccocal meningitis and the late diagnosis was related with a smaller survival. A great number of children (71,3%) presented complications product of the illness. The general mortality was 9,2%.

Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo de 87 pacientes egresados con el diagnóstico de meningoencefalitis bacteriana de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Docente Pediátrico del Cerro durante el período comprendido entre el 1º de enero de 1992 y el 31 de diciembre de 2004. Se describen los pacientes estudiados, según variables de caracterización individual y de la afección; asimismo, se identifica la relación entre algunas de dichas variables y la mortalidad. Se determinó que la enfermedad fue más frecuente en el grupo etáreo de 1-4 años y en el sexo masculino. El germen más común fue el Haemophilus influenzae . La edad inferior a 3 meses, la meningoencefalitis neumocócica y el diagnóstico tardío se relacionaron con una menor supervivencia. Un gran número de niños (71,3%) presentó complicaciones, resultado de la enfermedad. La mortalidad general fue de 9,2 %.

In spite of the remarkable advances that have occurred in the knowledge of the inflammatory nature of the affection and in their therapy, the bronchial asthma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It was carried out a traverse and prospective study of 57 children with severe asthmatic episode admitted in the Intensive Cares Unit of the Hospital Docente Pediátrico del Cerro during a 7 years period (1999-2005). The severity of the asthmatic episode was evaluated according to the Downes' scale. 29.8% of the patients had entered previously in the UCIP for serious asthmatic episode and 66.6% received medical attention in the first 12 hours of initiate the crisis. The hipoxemia was detected in the 71.9% of the patients. In 18 children (31.6%) complications were presented, that lengthened their demurrage significantly. Most of the patients responded well to the habitual strategies of treatment. Two children needed mechanic ventilation only. No patient died in the studied sample. It is recommended the systematic evaluation of asthmatic episode severity and the identification of the patients with risk of dying to establish the most appropriate treatment in an opportune way.

A pesar de los notables adelantos que se han originado en el conocimiento de la naturaleza inflamatoria de la afección y en su terapéutica, el asma bronquial continúa siendo una causa significativa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Con el objetivo de identificar las características evolutivas y referentes a la terapéutica de los pacientes con episodio asmático severo se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y con carácter prospectivo de 57 niños con este diagnóstico, ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos ( UCIP) de nuestro Centro, durante un período de 7 años (1999-2005). La severidad del episodio asmático se evaluó según la escala de Downes. El 29,8 % de los pacientes había ingresado anteriormente en la UCIP por episodio asmático grave. El 66,6 % recibió atención médica de urgencia en las primeras 12 horas de iniciada la exacerbación. La hipoxemia fue la alteración gasométrica más común, detectándose en 71,9 % de los enfermos. En 18 pacientes (31,6 %), se presentaron complicaciones, lo cual alargó significativamente su estadía. La mayoría de los pacientes respondió bien a las estrategias habituales de tratamiento. Sólo 2 niños necesitaron ventilación mecánica. No hubo fallecidos en la muestra estudiada. Se recomienda la evaluación sistemática de la severidad de cada episodio asmático y la identificación de los pacientes con riesgo de empeorar y morir para instaurar el tratamiento más adecuado de forma oportuna.

Estabelecer em cadáveres, dois portais, através da delimitação de pontos anatômicos e linhas geométricas, que permitam o acesso ao Túnel do Tarso pela técnica videoendoscópica e comparar a abordagem no sentido proximal para distal com a reversa. Fizeram parte do estudo 18 cadáveres, com um total de 36 tornozelos. Partindo da técnica endoscópica bi-portal inicialmente descrita, e modificada neste estudo através da padronização de pontos anatômicos e linhas geométricas, o Túnel do Tarso foi liberado nos tornozelos esquerdos com a inserção do instrumental no sentido proximal para distal e o inverso nos direitos.Nos tornozelos direitos, houve secção completa do retináculo flexor em 15 casos (83,3%) e parcial em 3 casos (16,67%). Nos esquerdos, a secção foi completa em 16 casos (88,89%) e parcial em 2 casos (11,11%). O tempo operatório no lado direito foi em média 19,44 minutos e no esquerdo 18,33 minutos. Em nenhum caso foi observada lesão de estruturas neurovasculares. Com a técnica proposta a secção total do retináculo dos flexores foi obtida em todos os casos após a curva do aprendizado, sem lesão de estruturas anatômicas do túnel do Tarso, independente do sentido utilizado na via de acesso.

To establish to portals in cadavers, using anatomical delimitation points and geometrical lines, which allows the acess to the tarsal tunnel by the video-endoscopic technique and the comparison between the proximal-distal direction approach with the reverse one. This trial has included 18 cadavers and 36 ankles were studied. Starting with the biportal endoscopic technique, initially described and modified in this trial through geometrical lines and anatomical points delimitation, the tarsal tunnel was released in left ankles with the insertion of instruments using proximal-distal direction and the opposite to the right ankles. There were, in the right ankles, complete section of flexor retinaculum in 15 cases (83,3%) and partial section in 3 cases (16,67%). In the left ankles there were complete section of flexor retinaculum in 16 (88,89%) and partial section in 2 cases (11,11%). The average operative time was 19,44 minutes for the right limb and 18,33 minutes for the left limb. No damage to neurovascular structures has been observed in any case. According to the suggested technique, the total section of flexors retinaculum was obtained in all the cases after learning curve period without lesion of anatomical structures in the tarsal tunnel, no matter the direction chosen in the access way.

Satellite ocean colour data from the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor are analyzed to monitor the space-time variability of the Plata river plume over the continental shelf and slope. SeaWiFS Chlorophyll-a (CSAT) product is used to understand the nature of changes in the colour of waters and how this relates to variations in wind direction and river outflow. We use a 5-year data set (1998-2002) of Global Area Coverage monthly mean composites. The analysis of CSAT data reveals strong seasonal variability over the continental shelf with maximum northeastward penetrations in the austral winter (June to August). The plume may reach ~27S, about 1000 km northeast of the Plata estuary. In summer the plume is confined to south of 32°S and the Plata waters are frequently exported to the open ocean through the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence. This seasonal shift is similar to the variation of surface salinity observed in historical hydrographic data and is presumably associated to the variable influence of the along-shore wind stress. Interannually, 2002 showed the maximum northeastward penetration and the strongest anomalies (6mg/m³). From late 1999 to early 2000, a strong negative CSAT anomaly (<6mg/m³) within the estuary could be linked to a period of very low Plata outflow (<12,000m³/seg). Results suggest that CSAT geophysical product is a good indicator of the presence of the Plata diluted waters. Other Case II ocean colour products are being explored (CDOM)

Este estudo tem por objetivo esclarecer eventuais problemas causados pela presença da válvula de Thebesius durante a cateterização do seio coronário, quer pela cardioplegia retrógrada, estudo eletrofisiológico, ou eletrofulguração. Foram analisados 94 corações normais, de óbitos não cardíacos. O átrio direito era incisado ao nível da veia cava superior, em direção à veia cava inferior, percorrendo o sulco terminal, possibilitando adequada visibilização do seio coronário. As válvulas, classificadas de acordo com suas variações anatômicas, possibilitaram o seguinte resultado: ausente em 15 (16%) casos; residual em 31 (33%); parcial em 40 (43%); trabeculada em sete (7%) e dupla em um (1%) caso. A cateterização do seio coronário não foi prejudicada quando este apresentava válvula ausente, residual ou dupla. Entretanto, em alguns dos casos onde havia válvula parcial (11 de 40 casos, 27%) e válvula trabeculada (três de sete casos, 43%), esta cateterização foi mais trabalhosa e demorada. Estatisticamente, não houve correlação dos tipos de válvula com relação a sexo e raça, sendo inconclusiva com relação à idade.

The knowledge of the different anatomical types of the Thebesius valve should clarify some problems observed in coronary sinus catheterization. Ninety-four human normal hearts were analysed by an incision in he right atrium from the inferior vena cavae through the terminal groove, allowing inspection of the coronary sinus. Based on the anatomical features of the Thebesius valve, we identify 5 different groups, i.e.: 1) absent valve (16%) when no valve exists; 2) residual valve (33%) when there was only a small membrane occluding less than 15% of the sinus diameter; 3) partial valve (43%) when a membrane occludes more than 15% of the sinus diameter; 4) trabeculated valve (7%) when there was no membrane but trabeculation over the sinus; 5) double valve (1%) when there were 2 membranes over the sinus in different positions. In all cases we tried to perform catheterization of the coronary sinus with 2 different types of catheters commonly used in hemodynamic studies. We observed more difficulty to catheterize the coronary sinus with partial or trabeculated valves. There was no statistical relationship between the different valves and age, sex or race.